Valeric acid

Valeric acid
	Valeric acid
Names
	IUPAC name Pentanoic acid
	Systematic IUPAC name Pentanoic acid
	Other names 1-Butanecarboxylic acid; Propylacetic acid; n-Pentanoic acid; Valerianic acid;
Identifiers
CAS Number	Valeric acid: 109-52-4 ; Valerate: 10023-74-2;
3D model (JSmol)	Valeric acid: Interactive image;
ChEBI	Valeric acid: CHEBI:17418; Valerate: CHEBI:31011;
ChEMBL	Valeric acid: ChEMBL268736 ;
ChemSpider	Valeric acid: 7701 ; Valerate: 102757;
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.344
EC Number	Valeric acid: 203-677-2;
IUPHAR/BPS	Valeric acid: 1061;
PubChem CID	Valeric acid: 7991; Valerate: 114781;
RTECS number	Valeric acid: YV6100000;
UNII	Valeric acid: GZK92PJM7B ;
UN number	3265
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	Valeric acid: DTXSID7021655 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C5H10O2/c1-2-3-4-5(6)7/h2-4H2,1H3,(H,6,7) Key: NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; Valeric acid: InChI=1/C5H10O2/c1-2-3-4-5(6)7/h2-4H2,1H3,(H,6,7) Key: NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYAU;
	SMILES Valeric acid: CCCCC(O)=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	CH3(CH2)3COOH
Molar mass	102.133 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Odor	Cheesy, acidic, rancid
Density	0.930 g/cm3
Melting point	−34.5 °C (−30.1 °F; 238.7 K)
Boiling point	185 °C (365 °F; 458 K)
Solubility in water	4.0 g/100 mL (20 °C (68 °F))
log P	1.8
Vapor pressure	0.3 hPa (0.0044 psi) (20 °C (68 °F))
Acidity (pKa)	4.82
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−66.85×10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.408
Viscosity	2.2 mPa·s (20 °C (68 °F))
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H227, H314, H412
Precautionary statements	P210, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340+P310, P305+P351+P338+P310, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 2 0
Flash point	86 °C (187 °F; 359 K)
Autoignition; temperature	440 °C (824 °F; 713 K)
Explosive limits	1.6% to 7.6%
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	4600 mg/kg (oral, rat); >2 g/kg (dermal, rat);
Related compounds
Related compounds	Butyric acid; Caproic acid;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Valeric acid or pentanoic acid is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH₃(CH₂)₃COOH. Like other low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids, it has an unpleasant odor. It is found in the perennial flowering plant Valeriana officinalis, from which it gets its name. Its primary use is in the synthesis of its esters. Salts and esters of valeric acid are known as valerates or pentanoates. Volatile esters of valeric acid tend to have pleasant odors and are used in perfumes and cosmetics. Several, including ethyl valerate and pentyl valerate are used as food additives because of their fruity flavors.