Stacte

Stacte (Greek: στακτή, romanized: staktē) and nataph (Hebrew: נָטָף, romanized: nāṭāf) are names used for one component of the Solomon's Temple incense, the Ketoret, specified in the Book of Exodus (Exodus 30:34). Variously translated to the Greek term (AMP: Exodus 30:34) or to an unspecified "gum resin" or similar (NIV: Exodus 30:34), it was to be mixed in equal parts with onycha (prepared from certain vegetable resins or seashell parts), galbanum and mixed with pure frankincense and they were to "beat some of it very small" for burning on the altar of the tabernacle.

This incense was considered restricted for sacred purposes honoring Yahweh; the trivial or profane use of it was punishable by exile, as laid out in Exodus 30:34–38 (KJV).

The Hebrew word nataf means "drop", corresponding to "drops of water" (Job 36:27). The Septuagint translates nataf as stacte, a Greek word meaning "an oozing substance," which refers to various viscous liquids, including myrrh.

The strongest candidates for stacte are golden myrrh (the naturally exuded resin), opobalsamum, and myrrh scented with styrax.

Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel explained, "Stacte is simply the sap that drips from the tapping of the wood of the balsam tree" (Kerithot 6a). Rabbi Saadia Gaon identified it as "mastaki", a term signifying the natural exudate from the myrrh tree (Commiphora myrrha). Stacte was most likely: 1) The light resin which exudes naturally from the myrrh tree before harvest (or a myrrh extract of the highest grade). 2) It may have been a rare myrrh called opobalsamum (mentioned frequently in ancient Jewish writings as "balm" or "balsam"). 3) Alternately it may have been myrrh scented with styrax (Styrax officinalis or Styrax benzoin, a close relative of and of the same genus as Styrax officinalis) These three have the strongest historical and botanical references.