Operation Tupac

Operation Tupac
Part of Kashmir conflict and Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
CIA Map of the Kashmir region
Operational scope
  • Provision of intelligence, funding and armaments for separatists and militants in Indian-administered Kashmir and India
  • Support anti-India separatist movements and militants and Islamist uprisings in India
TypeCovert Military Intelligence Operation
Location
Kashmir Valley
Planned by Pakistan
Target India
ObjectiveArm, train and finance militants in India
Date1989–present
Executed byInter-Services Intelligence (ISI)
Outcome

Operation Tupac is the codename of an ongoing military-intelligence contingency program that has been active since the 1980s and run by Pakistan's main intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). It has a three-part action plan to provide covert support to anti-India separatists and militants in the insurgency in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The program was authorized and initiated in 1988 by the order of the then-President of Pakistan, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.

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