Middle Mongol

Middle Mongol
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ
ᠬᠡᠯᠡ

Mongɣol khele
Middle Mongolian
Letter of Arghun Khan to Philip the Fair, in Middle Mongol language in the Mongolian script, 13th-century
Native toMongolia, China, Russia
EraDeveloped into Classical Mongolian by the 17th century
Mongolic
  • Middle Mongol
    ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ
    ᠬᠡᠯᠡ

    Mongɣol khele
Early form
Mongolian script
ʼPhags-pa
Chinese characters
Arabic alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3xng
Glottologmidd1351
Imperial edict of Toghon Temür Khan, written in Middle Mongol language and the Phagspa script, 14th-century, Mongol Yuan Dynasty

Middle Mongol or Middle Mongolian was a Mongolic koiné language spoken in the Mongol Empire. Originating from Genghis Khan's home region of Northeastern Mongolia, it diversified into several Mongolic languages after the collapse of the empire. In comparison to Modern Mongolian, it is known to have had no long vowels, different vowel harmony and verbal systems and a slightly different case system.

Letter of Öljaitü Khan of the Ilkhanate to Philip IV of France, written in Middle Mongol language