Kavanaugh stop
| Pedro Vasquez Perdomo v. Kristi Noem | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Court | Central District of California |
| Started | June 20, 2025 |
| Docket nos. | 2:25-cv-05605 (C.D. Cal.) 25-4312 (9th Cir.) 25A169 (Supreme Court) |
| Case history | |
| Appealed to | Ninth Circuit |
| Subsequent action | District ruling stayed by Supreme Court via shadow docket |
| Court membership | |
| Judge sitting | Maame Ewusi-Mensah Frimpong |
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A Kavanaugh stop is a term used to describe immigration enforcement stops in the United States in which federal agents may briefly detain individuals based on reasonable suspicion that may include a combination of factors such as perceived ethnicity, language, location, and occupation, along with other contextual indicators.
The term is associated with Justice Brett Kavanaugh's concurrence in Noem v. Vasquez Perdomo (2025), in which he stated that although apparent ethnicity alone cannot justify a stop, it may be considered as a "relevant factor" among others in determining reasonable suspicion under the Fourth Amendment.