Kaluga

For other uses, see Kaluga (disambiguation).

Kaluga Калуга
City
City center Old trade rows Trinity Cathedral Cosmonautics museum Regional Drama Theatre
Flag Coat of arms
Interactive map of Kaluga
Kaluga Location of Kaluga Kaluga Kaluga (Russia) Kaluga Kaluga (European Russia) Kaluga Kaluga (Europe)
Coordinates: 54°33′N 36°17′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Kaluga Oblast
First mentioned	1371
Government
• Body	City Duma
• City Head	Dmitry Denisov
Area
• Total	170.5 km2 (65.8 sq mi)
Elevation	190 m (620 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)
• Total	324,698
• Estimate  (2025)	324,989 (+0.1%)
• Rank	55th in 2010
• Density	1,904/km2 (4,932/sq mi)
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	City of Kaluga
• Capital of	Kaluga Oblast, City of Kaluga
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Kaluga Urban Okrug
• Capital of	Kaluga Urban Okrug
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK )
Postal code	248xxx
Dialing code	+7 4842
OKTMO ID	29701000001
City Day	Second Saturday of September
Website	www.kaluga-gov.ru

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Kaluga (Russian: Калу́га, IPA: [kɐˈɫuɡə] ^ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It stands on the Oka River 150 kilometers (93 mi) southwest of Moscow. Its population was 337,058 at the 2021 census.

Established in the 14th century as a Russian border fortress, Kaluga was notable as a place of exile for political prisoners, leaders and officials of other nations under the Russian Empire, and has served as the seat of regional administration since 1776. Kaluga's most famous resident, the space travel pioneer Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, worked there as a school teacher from 1892 to 1935. The Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is dedicated to his theoretical achievements and to their practical implementations for modern space research, hence the motto on the city's coat of arms: Колыбель Космонавтики, Kolybélʹ kosmonávtiki ("The Cradle of Space Exploration").