Intracranial hemorrhage

Intracranial hemorrhage
Axial CT scan of a spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage
Specialty	Neurosurgery, neurocritical care, emergency medicine
Symptoms	Same symptoms as ischemic stroke, but unconsciousness, headache, nausea, stiff neck, and seizures are more often in brain hemorrhages than ischemic strokes
Complications	Coma, persistent vegetative state, cardiac arrest (when bleeding is in the brain stem or is severe), death
Types	Intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural bleed, subdural bleed
Causes	Stroke, head injury, ruptured aneurysm

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is bleeding within the skull. It can result from trauma, vascular abnormalities, hypertension, or other medical conditions. ICH is broadly categorized into several subtypes based on the location of the bleed: intracerebral hemorrhage (including intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhages), subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural hemorrhage, and subdural hematoma. Each subtype has distinct causes, clinical features, and treatment approaches.