Hydroxide

Hydroxide
Lewis structure of the hydroxide ion showing three lone pairs on the oxygen atom
Space-filling representation of the hydroxide ion
Ball-and-stick model of the hydroxide ion
Names
IUPAC name
Hydroxide
Systematic IUPAC name
Oxidanide (not recommended)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
UNII
  • InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2/p-1
  • [OH-]
Properties
OH−
Molar mass 17.007 g·mol−1
Basicity (pKb) 0.0
Conjugate acid Water
Conjugate base Oxide anion
Related compounds
Related compounds
 O2H+
OH•
O22−
H2O
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Hydroxide (occasionally hydroxyl ion) is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, ligand, nucleophile, and catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solutions, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical. The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group −OH of atoms is the hydroxy group. Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.

Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups.

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