Hardware for artificial intelligence

Specialized computer hardware is often used to execute artificial intelligence (AI) programs faster, and with less energy, such as Lisp machines, neuromorphic engineering, event cameras, and physical neural networks. Since 2017, several consumer grade central processing units (CPUs) and systems on a chip (SoCs) have on-die neural processing units (NPUs). As of 2023, the market for AI hardware is dominated by graphics processing units (GPUs), such as those by Nvidia and AMD, newer domain-specific accelerators such as Google's Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), and various NPUs found in consumer hardware.

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