Hanthawaddy kingdom

Hanthawaddy kingdom Hongsawatoi kingdom ဍုင်ဟံသာဝတဳ (Mon) ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော် (Burmese)
1287–1552
Flag
Hanthawaddy in red in the northwest, c. 1450
Status	Kingdom
Capital	Martaban (1287–1364) Donwun (1364–1369) Pegu (1369–1538, 1550–1552)
Common languages	Mon Old Burmese
Religion	Theravada Buddhism
Government	Monarchy
• 1287–1307	Wareru
• 1384–1421	Razadarit
• 1454–1471	Shin Sawbu
• 1471–1492	Dhammazedi
• 1492–1526	Binnya Ran II
Historical era	Warring states
• Overthrow of Pagan governor	c. January 1285
• Independence from Pagan	30 January 1287
• Vassal of Sukhothai	1287–1298, 1307–1317, 1330
• Forty Years' War	1385–1424
• Golden Age	1426–1534
• War with Toungoo	1534–1541
• 2nd Fall of Pegu	12 March 1552
Preceded by Succeeded by Pagan kingdom Toungoo dynasty
Today part of	Myanmar Thailand

The Hanthawaddy Kingdom (Mon: ဍုၚ် ဟံသာဝတဳ, [hɔŋsawətɔe]listen^ⓘ; Burmese: ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်; also Hongsawatoi or simply Pegu), classical name Ham̥sāvatī ("Realm of Hamsa"), was the major polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and briefly from 1550 to 1552, before serving as the imperial capital of the Burmese Toungoo dynasty.

Originally founded as a Mon-speaking kingdom named Ramaññadesa (Mon: ရးမည, Burmese: ရာမည ဒေသ) by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan Kingdom in 1287 as a nominal vassal state of the Sukhothai Kingdom and the Mongol Yuan dynasty, it became formally independent in 1330. In its early phase under the Mon Wareru dynasty, the kingdom functioned as a loose federation of three major regional power centres: the Irrawaddy Delta, Bago, and Mottama.In 1539, the kingdom was conquered by King Tabinshwehti of the Burmese Toungoo dynasty, who relocated his imperial capital to Pegu (Hanthawaddy). Following brief Mon rebellions after Tabinshwehti's death, King Bayinnaung re-established Hanthawaddy as the central royal seat of the First Toungoo Empire, bringing both Burmese and Mon elites into his administration.