Hanjian

Not to be confused with Han Jian, the paleographic dictionary by Guo Zhongshu (d. 977)

Nanking residents with armbands of the Japanese flag

Chinese civilians assisting Japanese soldiers

Hanjian
Traditional Chinese	漢奸
Simplified Chinese	汉奸
Literal meaning	Han traitor
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Hànjiān Wade–Giles Han4-chien1 Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Hon3 Gaan1 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Hàn-kan

In China, the word hanjian (traditional Chinese: 漢奸; simplified Chinese: 汉奸; pinyin: Hànjiān; Wade–Giles: han⁴-chien¹) is a pejorative term for those seen as traitors to the Chinese state and, to a lesser extent, Han Chinese ethnicity. The word hanjian is distinct from the general word for traitor, which could be used for any country or ethnicity. As a Chinese term, it is composed of the Chinese characters for "Han" and "traitor". In Chinese legal language, it could also refer to illicit sexual relations; implied by this term was a Han Chinese carrying on an illicit relationship with the enemy. Hanjian is often worded as "collaborator" or "collaborationist" in the West.