Gurmukhi
| Gurmukhī ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ | |
|---|---|
 Gurmukhi letter set divided into 35 original letters (ਪੈਂਤੀ ਅੱਖਰੀ), 6 additional consonants (ਨਵੀਨ ਵਰਗ), 9 vowel diacritics (ਸੁਰ ਲਗਾਂ), 3 special diacritic marks (ਲਗਾਖਰ), 3 historical diacritic marks, and 4 subscript letters (ਦੁੱਤ ਅੱਖਰ) | |
| Script type | |
Period | 16th century CE-present |
| Direction | Left-to-right  |
| Languages |
|
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
Child systems | Anandpur Lipi |
Sister systems | Khudabadi, Khojki, Mahajani, Multani |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Guru (310), Gurmukhi |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Gurmukhi |
| U+0A00–U+0A7F | |
| Brahmic scripts |
|---|
| The Brahmi script and its descendants |
Gurmukhī (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ [ˈɡʊɾᵊmʊkʰiː], Shahmukhi: گُرمُکھی) is an abugida developed from the Laṇḍā scripts, popularly believed to have been standardized and used by the second Sikh guru, Guru Angad (1504–1552). Although some scholars trace its development to before Guru Angad. Commonly regarded as a Sikh script, Gurmukhi is used in Punjab, India as the official script of the Punjabi language. Historically, it was also used for Sindhi.
Its use by the Sikhs is attested from the early 16th century onwards. The primary scripture of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, is written in Gurmukhī, in various dialects and languages often subsumed under the generic title Sant Bhasha or "saint language", in addition to other languages like Persian and various phases of Indo-Aryan languages. Modern Gurmukhī has thirty-five original letters, hence its common alternative term paintī or "the thirty-five", plus six additional consonants, nine vowel diacritics, two diacritics for nasal sounds, one diacritic that geminates consonants and three subscript characters.