Dynamometer car

A North Eastern Railway dynamometer car on display at the National Railway Museum in York
A Victorian and South Australian Railways joint stock dynamometer car (coupled between the locomotive tender and the train) being used to record the performance of a VR X class locomotive running on pulverised brown coal

A dynamometer car is a railroad maintenance of way car used for measuring various aspects of a locomotive's performance. Measurements include tractive effort (pulling force), power, top speed, etc.