Basal forebrain

Basal forebrain
The basal forebrain
Details
Identifiers
Latinpars basalis telencephali
MeSHD066187
NeuroNames1997
NeuroLex IDbirnlex_1560
TA98A14.1.09.401
TA25536
FMA77700
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

Part of the brain, the basal forebrain structures are located in the forebrain to the front of and below the striatum. They include the ventral basal ganglia (including nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum), nucleus basalis, diagonal band of Broca, substantia innominata, and the medial septal nucleus. These structures are important in the production of acetylcholine, which is then distributed widely throughout the forebrain. The basal forebrain is considered to be the major source of cholinergic innervation of the neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala which is lost in patients with dementia. Although best known for its cholinergic projection neurons, non-cholinergic neurons, especially GABAergic neurons, are more numerous, at least in rodents. Non-cholinergic neurons projecting to the cortex have been found to act with the cholinergic neurons to dynamically modulate wakefulness and cortical activity.

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