Axolotl

Axolotl
	Wild type axolotl
Conservation status
	; Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
	CITES Appendix II
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Urodela
Family:	Ambystomatidae
Genus:	Ambystoma
Species:	A. mexicanum
Binomial name
	Ambystoma mexicanum; (Shaw and Nodder, 1798)
	IUCN range of the axolotl Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
Synonyms
	Gyrinus mexicanus Shaw and Nodder, 1798 ; Siren pisciformis Shaw, 1802 ; Siredon axolotl Wagler, 1830 ; Axolotes guttata Owen, 1844 ; Siredon Humboldtii Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854 ; Amblystoma weismanni Wiedersheim, 1879 ; Siredon edule Dugès, 1888 ;

The axolotl (/ˈæksəlɒtəl/ ^ⓘ; from Classical Nahuatl: āxōlōtl [aːˈʃoːloːtɬ] ^ⓘ; Ambystoma mexicanum) is a species of mole salamander. It is neotenic, reaching sexual maturity without undergoing metamorphosis, and the adults remain fully aquatic with obvious external gills. Axolotls may be difficult to distinguish from the larval stage of other neotenic adult mole salamanders, in particular the tiger salamander, or other species such as mudpuppies.

Axolotls originally inhabited a system of interconnected wetlands and lakes in the highlands of Mexico. They were known to inhabit the smaller lakes of Xochimilco and Chalco and are presumed to have inhabited the larger lakes of Texcoco and Zumpango. The desiccation of these lakes, initiated by the Aztecs and accelerated during the 20th century, has led to the destruction of much of the axolotl's natural habitat, an area now largely occupied by Mexico City. Wild axolotls have been driven to near extinction by the introduction of invasive species such as tilapia and carp; with a decreasing population of around 50 to 1,000 adult individuals, the species has been assessed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and is listed under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).

There currently exists a large captive population of axolotls, with specimens used extensively in scientific research because of their unusual ability to regenerate body parts, including limbs, gills and parts of their eyes and brains. The species is also used as a model organism. As aquarium technology has developed, axolotls have become a common exhibit in zoos and public aquariums, as well as an occasional pet in home aquariums. The axolotl is a popular subject in contemporary culture, inspiring a number of works and characters in the media.